8EE4.2 FACTS DEVICES & THEIR APPLICATIONS

Unit-1 Problems of AC transmission systems, power flow in parallel paths and meshed system, factors limiting loading capability, stability consideration. Power flow control of an ac transmission line. Basic types of facts controllers. Advantages of FACTS technology.
Unit-2 (i) Voltage-Sourced Converters: Basic concept of voltage-sourced converters, single and three phase bridge converters. Introduction to power factor control. Transformer connections for 12- pulse, 24 pulse and 48 pulse operations.
(ii) Static Shunt Compensators: Mid point and end point voltage regulation of transmission line, and stability improvement. Basic operating principle of Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM). Comparison between STATCOM and SVC.
Unit-3 Static Series Compensators: Concept of series capacitive compensation, voltage and transient stabilities, power oscillation and subsynehronous oscillation damping. Introduction to thyristorswitched series capacitor (TSSC), thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC), and static synchronous series compensator, - operation, characteristics and applications.
Unit-4 (i) Static Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators: Voltage and phase angle regulation. Power flow control and improvement of stability by phase angle regulator. Introduction to thyristor controlled voltage and phase angle regulators (TCVR and TCPAR)
(ii) Introduction to thyristor controlled braking resistor and thyristor controlled voltage limiter.
Unit-5 (i) UPFC: Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), basic operating principles, conventional transmission control capabilities. Comparison of UPFC to series compensators and phase angle regulator. Applications of UPFC.(ii) IPFC: Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), basic operating principles and characteristics. Applications of IPFC.

Reference/Suggested Books
1. K.R. Padiyar – Flexible AC Transmission Systems
2. N.G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi: Understanding FACTS: IEEE Press Book.
3. Yong Hua Song, Allan T Johns : Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS
4. Xiao Ping Zhang, Christian Rehtanz, Bikash Pal: Flexible AC Transmission Systems.
5. R Mohan & R M Mathur, Thyristor-based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems,, John Wiley